Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic materials to enhance performance.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: A synthetic material that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to its own mass. SAP is crucial for preventing leakage and ensuring dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid penetration. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyethylene, nonwoven fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and soft to the touch.
– **Perforated Film**: A thin, flexible film with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against external moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A waterproof, flexible film that is commonly used for its durability and moisture resistance.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: A more advanced option that allows air to pass through while blocking liquids, enhancing comfort and reducing the risk of skin irritation.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad in place within the underwear. They must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives form a bond when pressure is applied, making them easy to use and reposition.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is a temporary protective layer that covers the adhesive before use. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This type of paper is easy to peel off and ensures that the adhesive remains intact until the pad is ready to be used.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Raw Materials

The raw materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure optimal performance:

– **Absorbency**: High absorbency is crucial for preventing leakage and maintaining dryness.
– **Softness**: The materials must be soft and gentle on the skin to prevent irritation.
– **Breathability**: Good air circulation helps reduce the risk of skin irritation and discomfort.
– **Durability**: The materials must be strong enough to withstand the stresses of daily use without tearing or breaking.
– **Biodegradability**: Increasingly, there is a demand for materials that are environmentally friendly and biodegradable.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide a balance of absorbency, comfort, and safety. Understanding these materials and their properties can help consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.